a, Xét tử thức \(x^2\left(y-z\right)+y^2\left(z-x\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left[\left(x-z\right)-\left(y-z\right)\right]\)

\(=x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left(x-z\right)-z^2\left(y-z\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-z^2\right)\left(y-z\right)-\left(y^2-z^2\right)\left(x-z\right)\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y-z\right)-\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(xy-xz+yz-z^2-y^2-yz+yz+z^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(xy-xz+yz-y^2\right)=\left(x-z\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)-y\left(y-z\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\)

Mẫu thức \(x^2y-x^2z+y^2z-y^3=x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(y-z\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)\)

Vậy \(\frac{x^2\left(y-z\right)+y^2\left(z-x\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y-x^2z+y^2z-y^3}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\frac{x-z}{x+y}\)

b, \(\frac{x^5+x+1}{x^3+x^2+x}=\frac{x^5-x^2+x^2+x+1}{x\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^2+x+1}{x\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)}{x\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\frac{x^3-x^2+1}{x}\)

\(B=\dfrac{x^2\left(y-z\right)+y^2\left(z-x\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y-x^2z+y^2z-y^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left[\left(y-z\right)+\left(x-y\right)\right]+z^2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(y-z\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(y^2-z^2\right)}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-y-z\right)}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{x-z}{x+y}\)

Thay $x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2,5}}; y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{0,25}}$ ta thấy đề sai bạn nhé!

Chắc đề là \(x+y+z=3\)

Ta có: 

\(\left(2x+y+z\right)^2=\left(x+y+x+z\right)^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{4\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

Mặt khác:

\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)

\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(x+y+z\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(zy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2.\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Sửa đề \(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2z^2}+1}+\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y}+1}+\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{y^2z^2}+1}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2z^2}+1}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{x\cdot z\cdot xz}+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{x+z+xz+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{z+1}\)

Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:

\(\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2}+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)^2}{x+1};\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{y^2z^2}+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{y+1}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên rồi áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{x+y+z+3}=x+y+z+3=VP\)

\(\left(\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{3}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2y+2z-x}{3}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2z+2x-y}{3}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{4y^2+4x^2+z^2+8xy-4xz-4yz+4y^2+4z^2+x^2+8yz-4xy-4xz}{9}+\dfrac{\left(2z+2x-y\right)^2}{9}\)

\(=\dfrac{8y^2+5x^2+5z^2+4xy-8xz+4yz+4z^2+4x^2+y^2+8xz-4yz-4xy}{9}\)

\(=\dfrac{9y^2+9z^2+9x^2}{9}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)

ta có:\(P=\sum\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)

đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)thì giả thiết trở thành : \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\).tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)

ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{1-a^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:

\(\left[a\left(1-a^2\right)\right]^2=\dfrac{1}{2}.2a^2\left(1-a^2\right)\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{1}{54}\left(2a^2+1-a^2+1-a^2\right)^3=\dfrac{4}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow a\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2\)

tương tự với các phân thức còn lại ta có:

\(P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\\\dfrac{1}{z}=c\end{matrix}\right.\) Thì bài toán trở thành

Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) tính GTNN của \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)

Ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=1-c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\)

Mà ta có: \(2c^2\left(1-c^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{\left(2c^2+1-c^2+1-c^2\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{8}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow c\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}b^2}{2}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}a^2}{2}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)

Chuẩn hóa chuẩn hóa, thuần nhất như sau

Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\) ta tìm được \(P=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Ta chứng minh nó là GTNN của \(P\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}}\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{y^3z^3}{y^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{3x^4y^4z^4}{x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2}}\). Cho \(\left(yz;xz;xy\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\)

Khi đó ta cần chứng minh \(Σ\dfrac{a^3}{\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{3a^2b^2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}}\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}}\) từ BĐT cuối thuần nhất ta có thể chuẩn hóa \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\)

Nghĩa là ta cần c/m \(Σ\dfrac{a}{3-a^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(\dfrac{a}{3-a^2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+3\right)}{3-a^2}\ge0\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+3\right)}{\left(3-a^2\right)}-\left(a^2-1\right)\right)\ge0\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{a\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)^2}{3-a^2}\ge0\). Done !!